Goto Section: 17.118 | 17.120

FCC 17.119
Revised as of June 29, 2005
Goto Year:2004 | 2006
Sec.  15.119   Closed caption decoder requirements for analog television
receivers.

   

   (a) Effective July 1, 1993, all TV broadcast receivers with picture
   screens 33 cm (13 in) or larger in diameter shipped in interstate
   commerce, manufactured, assembled, or imported from any foreign
   country into the United States shall comply with the provisions of
   this section.

   Note: This paragraph places no restriction on the shipping or sale of
   television receivers that were manufactured before July 1, 1993.

   (b) Transmission format. Closed-caption information is transmitted on
   line 21 of field 1 of the vertical blanking interval of television
   signals, in accordance with Sec. 73.682(a)(22) of this chapter.

   (c) Operating modes. The television receiver will employ
   customer-selectable modes of operation for TV and Caption. A third
   mode of operation, Text, may be included on an optional basis. The
   Caption and Text Modes may contain data in either of two operating
   channels, referred to in this document as C1 and C2. The television
   receiver must decode both C1 and C2 captioning, and must display the
   captioning for whichever channel the user selects. The TV Mode of
   operation allows the video to be viewed in its original form. The
   Caption and Text Modes define one or more areas (called "boxes") on
   the screen within which caption or text characters are displayed.

   Note: For more information regarding Text mode, see "Television
   Captioning for the Deaf: Signal and Display Specifications",
   Engineering Report No. E-7709-C, Public Broadcasting Service, dated
   May 1980, and "TeleCaption II Decoder Module Performance
   Specification", National Captioning Institute, Inc., dated November
   1985. These documents are available, respectively, from the Public
   Broadcasting Service, 1320 Braddock Place, Alexandria, VA 22314 and
   from the National Captioning Institute, Inc., 5203 Leesburg Pike,
   Falls Church, VA 22041.

   (d) Screen format. The display area for captioning and text shall fall
   approximately within the safe caption area as defined in paragraph
   (n)(12) of this section. This display area will be further divided
   into 15 character rows of equal height and 32 columns of equal width,
   to provide accurate placement of text on the screen. Vertically, the
   display area begins on line 43 and is 195 lines high, ending on line
   237 on an interlaced display. All captioning and text shall fall
   within these established columns and rows. The characters must be
   displayed clearly separated from the video over which they are placed.
   In addition, the user must have the capability to select a black
   background over which the captioned letters are displaced.

   (1) Caption mode. In the Caption Mode, text can appear on up to 4 rows
   simultaneously anywhere on the screen within the defined display area.
   In addition, a solid space equal to one column width may be placed
   before the first character and after the last character of each row to
   enhance legibility. The caption area will be transparent anywhere that
   either:

   (i) No standard space character or other character has been addressed
   and no accompanying solid space is needed; or,

   (ii) An accompanying solid space is used and a "transparent space"
   special character has been addressed which does not immediately
   precede or follow a displayed character.

   (2) [Reserved]

   (e) Presentation format. In analyzing the presentation of characters,
   it is convenient to think in terms of a non-visible cursor which marks
   the screen position at which the next event in a given mode and data
   channel will occur. The receiver remembers the cursor position for
   each mode even when data are received for a different address in an
   alternate mode or data channel.

   (1) Screen addressing. Two kinds of control codes are used to move the
   cursor to specific screen locations. In Caption Mode, these addressing
   codes will affect both row and column positioning. In Text Mode, the
   codes affect only column positioning. In both modes, the addressing
   codes are optional. Default positions are defined for each mode and
   style when no addressing code is provided.

   (i) The first type of addressing code is the Preamble Address Code
   (PAC). It assigns a row number and one of eight "indent" figures. Each
   successive indent moves the cursor four columns to the right (starting
   from the left margin). Thus, an indent of 0 places the cursor at
   Column 1, an indent of 4 sets it at Column 5, etc. The PAC indent is
   non-destructive to displayable characters. It will not affect the
   display to the left of the new cursor position on the indicated row.
   Note that Preamble Address Codes also set initial attributes for the
   displayable characters which follow. See paragraph (h) of this section
   and the Preamble Address Code table.

   (ii) The second type of addressing code is the Tab Offset, which is
   one of three Miscellaneous Control Codes. Tab Offset will move the
   cursor one, two, or three columns to the right. The character cells
   skipped over will be unaffected; displayable characters in these
   cells, if any, will remain intact while empty cells will remain empty,
   in the same manner that a PAC indent is non-destructive.

   (2) [Reserved]

   (f) Caption Mode. There are three styles of presenting text in Caption
   Mode: roll-up, pop-on, and paint-on. Character display varies
   significantly with the style used, but certain rules of character
   erasure are common to all styles. A character can be erased by
   addressing another character to the same screen location or by
   backspacing over the character from a subsequent location on the same
   row. The entire displayed memory will be erased instantly by receipt
   of an Erase Displayed Memory command. Both displayed memory and
   non-displayed memory will be entirely erased simultaneously by either:
   The user switching receiver channels or data channels (C1/C2) or
   fields (F1/F2) in decoders so equipped; the loss of valid data (see
   paragraph (j) of this section); or selecting non-captioning receiver
   functions which use the display memory of the decoder. Receipt of an
   End of Caption command will cause a displayed caption to become
   non-displayed (and vice versa) without being erased from memory.
   Changing the receiver to a non-captioning mode which does not require
   use of the decoder's display memory will leave that memory intact, and
   the decoder will continue to process data as if the caption display
   were selected.

   (1) Roll-up. Roll-up style captioning is initiated by receipt of one
   of three Miscellaneous Control Codes that determine the maximum number
   of rows displayed simultaneously, either 2, 3 or 4 contiguous rows.
   These are the three Roll-Up Caption commands.

   (i) The bottom row of the display is known as the "base row". The
   cursor always remains on the base row. Rows of text roll upwards into
   the contiguous rows immediately above the base row to create a
   "window" 2 to 4 rows high.

   (ii) The Roll-Up command, in normal practice, will be followed (not
   necessarily immediately) by a Preamble Address Code indicating the
   base row and the horizontal indent position. If no Preamble Address
   Code is received, the base row will default to Row 15 or, if a roll-up
   caption is currently displayed, to the same base row last received,
   and the cursor will be placed at Column 1. If the Preamble Address
   Code received contains a different base row than that of a currently
   displayed caption, the entire window will move intact (and without
   erasing) to the new base row immediately.

   (iii) Each time a Carriage Return is received, the text in the top row
   of the window is erased from memory and from the display or scrolled
   off the top of the window. The remaining rows of text are each rolled
   up into the next highest row in the window, leaving the base row blank
   and ready to accept new text. This roll-up must appear smooth to the
   user, and must take no more than 0.433 second to complete. The cursor
   is automatically placed at Column 1 (pending receipt of a Preamble
   Address Code).

   (iv) Increasing or decreasing the number of roll-up rows instantly
   changes the size of the active display window, appropriately turning
   on or off the display of the top one or two rows. A row which is
   turned off should also be erased from memory.

   (v) Characters are always displayed immediately when received by the
   receiver. Once the cursor reaches the 32nd column position on any row,
   all subsequent characters received prior to a Carriage Return,
   Preamble Address Code, or Backspace will be displayed in that column
   replacing any previous character occupying that address.

   (vi) The cursor moves automatically one column to the right after each
   character or Mid-Row Code received. A Backspace will move the cursor
   one column to the left, erasing the character or Mid-Row Code
   occupying that location. (A Backspace received when the cursor is in
   Column 1 will be ignored.)

   (vii) The Delete to End of Row command will erase from memory any
   characters or control codes starting at the current cursor location
   and in all columns to its right on the same row. If no displayable
   characters remain on the row after the Delete to End of Row is acted
   upon, the solid space (if any) for that row should also be erased to
   conform with the following provisions.

   (viii) If a solid space is used for legibility, it should appear when
   the first displayable character (not a transparent space) or Mid-Row
   Code is received on a row, not when the Preamble Address Code, if any,
   is given. A row on which there are no displayable characters or
   Mid-Row Codes will not display a solid space, even when rolled up
   between two rows which do display a solid space.

   (ix) If the reception of data for a row is interrupted by data for the
   alternate data channel or for Text Mode, the display of caption text
   will resume from the same cursor position if a Roll-Up Caption command
   is received and no Preamble Address Code is given which would move the
   cursor.

   (x) A roll-up caption remains displayed until one of the standard
   caption erasure techniques is applied. Receipt of a Resume Caption
   Loading command (for pop-on style) or a Resume Direct Captioning
   command (for paint-on style) will not affect a roll-up display.
   Receipt of a Roll-Up Caption command will cause any pop-on or paint-on
   caption to be erased from displayed memory and non-displayed memory.

   (2) Pop-on. Pop-on style captioning is initiated by receipt of a
   Resume Caption Loading command. Subsequent data are loaded into a
   non-displayed memory and held there until an End of Caption command is
   received, at which point the non-displayed memory becomes the
   displayed memory and vice versa. (This process is often referred to as
   "flipping memories" and does not automatically erase memory.) An End
   of Caption command forces the receiver into pop-on style if no Resume
   Caption Loading command has been received which would do so. The
   display will be capable of 4 full rows, not necessarily contiguous,
   simultaneous anywhere on the screen.

   (i) Preamble Address Codes can be used to move the cursor around the
   screen in random order to place captions on Rows 1 to 15. Carriage
   Returns have no effect on cursor location during caption loading.

   (ii) The cursor moves automatically one column to the right after each
   character or Mid-Row Code received. Receipt of a Backspace will move
   the cursor one column to the left, erasing the character or Mid-Row
   Code occupying that location. (A Backspace received when the cursor is
   in Column 1 will be ignored.) Once the cursor reaches the 32nd column
   position on any row, all subsequent characters received prior to a
   Backspace, an End of Caption, or a Preamble Address Code, will replace
   any previous character at that location.

   (iii) The Delete to End of Row command will erase from memory any
   characters or control codes starting at the current cursor location
   and in all columns to its right on the same row. If no displayable
   characters remain on a row after the Delete to End of Row is acted
   upon, the solid space (if any) for that element should also be erased.

   (iv) If data reception is interrupted during caption loading by data
   for the alternate caption channel or for Text Mode, caption loading
   will resume at the same cursor position if a Resume Caption Loading
   command is received and no Preamble Address Code is given that would
   move the cursor.

   (v) Characters remain in non-displayed memory until an End of Caption
   command flips memories. The caption will be erased without being
   displayed upon receipt of an Erase Non-Displayed Memory command, a
   Roll-Up Caption command, or if the user switches receiver channels,
   data channels or fields, or upon the loss of valid data (see paragraph
   (j) of this section).

   (vi) A pop-on caption, once displayed, remains displayed until one of
   the standard caption erasure techniques is applied or until a Roll-Up
   Caption command is received. Characters within a displayed pop-on
   caption will be replaced by receipt of the Resume Direct Captioning
   command and paint-on style techniques (see below).

   (3) Paint-on. Paint-on style captioning is initiated by receipt of a
   Resume Direct Captioning command. Subsequent data are addressed
   immediately to displayed memory without need for an End of Caption
   command.

   (i) Preamble Address Codes can be used to move the cursor around the
   screen in random order to display captions on Rows 1 to 15. Carriage
   Returns have no affect on cursor location during direct captioning.
   The cursor moves automatically one column to the right after each
   character or Mid-Row Code is received. Receipt of a Backspace will
   move the cursor one column to the left, erasing the character or
   Mid-Row Code occupying that location. (A Backspace received when the
   cursor is in Column 1 will be ignored.) Once the cursor reaches the
   32nd column position on any row, all subsequent characters received
   prior to a Preamble Address Code or Backspace will be displayed in
   that column replacing any previous character occupying that location.

   (ii) The Delete to End of Row command will erase from memory any
   characters or control codes starting at the current cursor location
   and in all columns to its right on the same row. If no displayable
   characters remain on the row after the Delete to End of Row is acted
   upon, the solid space (if any) for that element should also be erased.

   (iii) If the reception of data is interrupted during the direct
   captioning by data for the alternate caption channel or for Text Mode,
   the display of caption text will resume at the same cursor position if
   a Resume Direct Captioning command is received and no Preamble Address
   Code is given which would move the cursor.

   (iv) Characters remain displayed until one of the standard caption
   erasure techniques is applied or until a Roll-Up Caption command is
   received. An End of Caption command leaves a paint-on caption fully
   intact in non-displayed memory. In other words, a paint-on style
   caption behaves precisely like a pop-on style caption which has been
   displayed.

   (g) Character format. Characters are to be displayed on the screen
   within a character "cell" which is the height and width of a single
   row and column. The following codes define the displayable character
   set. Television receivers manufactured prior to January 1, 1996 and
   having a character resolution of 5×7 dots, or less, may display the
   allowable alternate characters in the character table. A statement
   must be in a prominent location on the box or other package in which
   the receiver is to be marketed, and information must be in the owner's
   manual, indicating the receiver displays closed captioning in upper
   case only.

   Character Set Table

   Special Characters

   These require two bytes for each symbol. Each hex code as shown will
   be preceded by a 11h for data channel 1 or by a 19h for data channel
   2. For example: 19h 37h will place a musical note in data channel 2.


------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEX   Example     Alternate                   Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 30     ®   See note\1\   Registered mark symbol
 31     °   ............  Degree sign
 32     \1/2\   ............  \1/2\
 33  ¿   ............  Inverse query
 34        TM   See note\1\   Trademark symbol
 35    ¢   ............  Cents sign
 36   £   ............  Pounds Sterling sign
 37    [sung]   ............  Music note
 38  à             A   Lower-case a with grave accent
 39             ............  Transparent space
 3A  è             E   Lower-case e with grave accent
 3B   â             A   Lower-case a with circumflex
 3C   ê             E   Lower-case e with circumflex
 3D   î             I   Lower-case i with circumflex
 3E   ô             O   Lower-case o with circumflex
 3F   û             U   Lower-case u with circumflex
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Note: The registered and trademark symbols are used to satisfy
  certain legal requirements. There are various legal ways in which
  these symbols may be drawn or displayed. For example, the trademark
  symbol may be drawn with the ``T'' next to the ``M'' or over the
  ``M''. It is preferred that the trademark symbol be superscripted,
  i.e., XYZTM. It is left to each individual manufacturer to interpret
  these symbols in any way that meets the legal needs of the user.

   Standard characters


------------------------------------------------------------------------
HEX   Example    Alternate                   Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 20             ..........  Standard space
 21         !   ..........  Exclamation mark
 22        ``   ..........  Quotation mark
 23         #   ..........  Pounds (number) sign
 24         $   ..........  Dollar sign
 25         %   ..........  Percentage sign
 26     &   ..........  Ampersand
 27         '   ..........  Apostrophe
 28         (   ..........  Open parentheses
 29         )   ..........  Close parentheses
 2A  á           A   Lower-case a with acute accent
 2B         +   ..........  Plus sign
 2C         ,   ..........  Comma
 2D         -   ..........  Minus (hyphen) sign
 2E         .   ..........  Period
 2F         /   ..........  Slash
 30         0   ..........  Zero
 31         1   ..........  One
 32         2   ..........  Two
 33         3   ..........  Three
 34         4   ..........  Four
 35         5   ..........  Five
 36         6   ..........  Six
 37         7   ..........  Seven
 38         8   ..........  Eight
 39         9   ..........  Nine
 3A         :   ..........  Colon
 3B         ;   ..........  Semi-colon
 3C      <   ..........  Less than sign
 3D         =   ..........  Equal sign
 3E      >   ..........  Greater than sign
 3F         ?   ..........  Question mark
 40         @   ..........  At sign
 41         A   ..........  Upper-case A
 42         B   ..........  Upper-case B
 43          C  ..........  Upper-case C
 44         D   ..........  Upper-case D
 45         E   ..........  Upper-case E
 46         F   ..........  Upper-case F
 47         G   ..........  Upper-case G
 48         H   ..........  Upper-case H
 49         I   ..........  Upper-case I
 4A         J   ..........  Upper-case J
 4B         K   ..........  Upper-case K
 4C         L   ..........  Upper-case L
 4D         M   ..........  Upper-case M
 4E         N   ..........  Upper-case N
 4F         O   ..........  Upper-case O
 50         P   ..........  Upper-case P
 51         Q   ..........  Upper-case Q
 52         R   ..........  Upper-case R
 53         S   ..........  Upper-case S
 54         T   ..........  Upper-case T
 55         U   ..........  Upper-case U
 56         V   ..........  Upper-case V
 57         W   ..........  Upper-case W
 58         X   ..........  Upper-case X
 59         Y   ..........  Upper-case Y
 5A         Z   ..........  Upper-case Z
 5B         [   ..........  Open bracket
 5C  é           E   Lower-case e with acute accent
 5D         ]   ..........  Close bracket
 5E  í           I   Lower-case i with acute accent
 5F  ó           O   Lower-case o with acute accent
 60  ú           U   Lower-case u with acute accent
 61         a           A   Lower-case a
 62         b           B   Lower-case b
 63         c            C  Lower-case c
 64         d           D   Lower-case d
 65         e           E   Lower-case e
 66         f           F   Lower-case f
 67         g           G   Lower-case g
 68         h           H   Lower-case h
 69         i           I   Lower-case i
 6A         j           J   Lower-case j
 6B         k           K   Lower-case k
 6C         l           L   Lower-case l
 6D         m           M   Lower-case m
 6E         n           N   Lower-case n
 6F         o           O   Lower-case o
 70         p           P   Lower-case p
 71         q           Q   Lower-case q
 72         r           R   Lower-case r
 73         s           S   Lower-case s
 74         t           T   Lower-case t
 75         u           U   Lower-case u
 76         v           V   Lower-case v
 77         w           W   Lower-case w
 78         x           X   Lower-case x
 79         y           Y   Lower-case y
 7A         z           Z   Lower-case z
 7B  ç            C  Lower-case c with cedilla
 7C    ÷   ..........  Division sign
 7D  Ñ   ..........  Upper-case N with tilde
 7E  ñ    Ñ   Lower-case n with tilde
 7F    [squf]   ..........  Solid block
------------------------------------------------------------------------

   (h) Character Attributes--(1) Transmission of Attributes. A character
   may be transmitted with any or all of four attributes: Color, italics,
   underline, and flash. All of these attributes are set by control codes
   included in the received data. An attribute will remain in effect
   until changed by another control code or until the end of the row is
   reached. Each row begins with a control code which sets the color and
   underline attributes. (White non-underlined is the default display
   attribute if no Preamble Address Code is received before the first
   character on an empty row.) Attributes are not affected by transparent
   spaces within a row.

   (i) All Mid-Row Codes and the Flash On command are spacing attributes
   which appear in the display just as if a standard space (20h) had been
   received. Preamble Address Codes are non-spacing and will not alter
   any attributes when used to position the cursor in the midst of a row
   of characters.

   (ii) The color attribute has the highest priority and can only be
   changed by the Mid-Row Code of another color. Italics has the next
   highest priority. If characters with both color and italics are
   desired, the italics Mid-Row Code must follow the color assignment.
   Any color Mid-Row Code will turn off italics. If the least significant
   bit of a Preamble Address Code or of a color or italics Mid-Row Code
   is a 1 (high), underlining is turned on. If that bit is a 0 (low),
   underlining is off.

   (iii) The flash attribute is transmitted as a Miscellaneous Control
   Code. The Flash On command will not alter the status of the color,
   italics, or underline attributes. However, any color or italics
   Mid-Row Code will turn off flash.

   (iv) Thus, for example, if a red, italicized, underlined, flashing
   character is desired, the attributes must be received in the following
   order: a red Mid-Row or Preamble Address Code, an italics Mid-Row Code
   with underline bit, and the Flash On command. The character will then
   be preceded by three spaces (two if red was assigned via a Preamble
   Address Code).

   (2) Display of attributes. The underline attribute will be displayed
   by drawing a line beneath the character in the same color as the
   character. The flash attribute will be displayed by causing the
   character to blink from the display at least once per second. The
   italic attribute must be capable of being displayed by either a
   special italic font, or by the modification of the standard font by
   slanting. The user may be given the option to select other methods of
   italic display as well. The support of the color attributes is
   optional. If the color attributes are supported, they will be
   displayed in the color they have been assigned. If color attributes
   are not supported, the display may be in color, but all color changes
   will be ignored.

   (i) Control codes. There are three different types of control codes
   used to identify the format, location, attributes, and display of
   characters: Preamble Address Codes, Mid-Row Codes, and Miscellaneous
   Control Codes.

   (1) Each control code consists of a pair of bytes which are always
   transmitted together in a single field of line 21 and which are
   normally transmitted twice in succession to help insure correct
   reception of the control instructions. The first of the control code
   bytes is a non-printing character in the range 10h to 1Fh. The second
   byte is always a printing character in the range 20h to 7Fh. Any such
   control code pair received which has not been assigned a function is
   ignored. If the non-printing character in the pair is in the range 00h
   to 0Fh, that character alone will be ignored and the second character
   will be treated normally.

   (2) If the second byte of a control code pair does not contain odd
   parity (see paragraph (j) of this section), then the pair is ignored.
   The redundant transmission of the pair will be the instruction upon
   which the receiver acts.

   (3) If the first byte of the first transmission of a control code pair
   fails the parity check, then that byte is inserted into the currently
   active memory as a solid block character (7Fh) followed by whatever
   the second byte is. Again, the redundant transmission of the pair will
   be the controlling instruction.

   (4) If the first transmission of a control code pair passes parity, it
   is acted upon within one video frame. If the next frame contains a
   perfect repeat of the same pair, the redundant code is ignored. If,
   however, the next frame contains a different but also valid control
   code pair, this pair, too, will be acted upon (and the receiver will
   expect a repeat of this second pair in the next frame). If the first
   byte of the expected redundant control code pair fails the parity
   check and the second byte is identical to the second byte in the
   immediately preceding pair, then the expected redundant code is
   ignored. If there are printing characters in place of the redundant
   code, they will be processed normally.

   (5) There is provision for decoding a second data channel. The second
   data channel is encoded with the same control codes and procedures
   already described. The first byte of every control code pair indicates
   the data channel (C1/C2) to which the command applies. Control codes
   which do not match the data channel selected by the user, and all
   subsequent data related to that control code, are ignored by the
   receiver.

                              Mid-Row Codes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Data      Data
 channel   channel                  Attribute description
    1         2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
   11 20     19 20  White.
   11 21     19 21  White Underline.
   11 22     19 22  Green.
   11 23     19 23  Green Underline.
   11 24     19 24  Blue.
   11 25     19 25  Blue Underline.
   11 26     19 26  Cyan.
   11 27     19 27  Cyan Underline.
   11 28     19 28  Red.
   11 29     19 29  Red Underline.
   11 2A     19 2A  Yellow.
   11 2B     19 2B  Yellow Underline.
   11 2C     19 2C  Magenta.
   11 2D     19 2D  Magenta Underline.
   11 2E     19 2E  Italics.
   11 2F     19 2F  Italics Underline.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                       Miscellaneous Control Codes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Data      Data
 channel   channel       Mne- monic             Command description
    1         2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
   14 20     1C 20  RCL.................  Resume caption loading.
   14 21     1C 21  BS..................  Backspace.
   14 22     1C 22  AOF.................  Reserved (formerly Alarm Off).
   14 23     1C 23  AON.................  Reserved (formerly Alarm On).
   14 24     1C 24  DER.................  Delete to End of Row.
   14 25     1C 25  RU2.................  Roll-Up Captions-2 Rows.
   14 26     1C 26  RU3.................  Roll-Up Captions-3 Rows.
   14 27     1C 27  RU4.................  Roll-Up Captions-4 Rows.
   14 28     1C 28  FON.................  Flash On.
   14 29     1C 29  RDC.................  Resume Direct Captioning.
   14 2A     1C 2A  TR..................  Text Restart.
   14 2B     1C 2B  RTD.................  Resume Text Display.
   14 2C     1C 2C  EDM.................  Erase Displayed Memory.
   14 2D     1C 2D  CR..................  Carriage Return.
   14 2E     1C 2E  ENM.................  Erase Non-Displayed Memory.
   14 2F     1C 2F  EOC.................  End of Caption (Flip
                                           Memories).
   17 21     1F 21  TO1.................  Tab Offset 1 Column.
   17 22     1F 22  TO2.................  Tab Offset 2 Columns.
   17 23     1F 23  TO3.................  Tab Offset 3 Columns.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                             Preamble Address Codes
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
                                       Row  Row  Row  Row  Row  Row  Row  Row
Row  Row  Row  Row  Row  Row  Row
                                        1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8
 9    10   11   12   13   14   15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
First byte of code pair:
    Data Channel 1...................   11   11   12   12   15   15   16   16
 17   17   10   13   13   14   14
    Data Channel 2...................   19   19   1A   1A   1D   1D   1E   1E
 1F   1F   18   1B   1B   1C   1C
Second byte of code pair:
    White............................   40   60   40   60   40   60   40   60
 40   60   40   40   60   40   60
    White Underline..................   41   61   41   61   41   61   41   61
 41   61   41   41   61   41   61
    Green............................   42   62   42   62   42   62   42   62
 42   62   42   42   62   42   62
    Green Underline..................   43   63   43   63   43   63   43   63
 43   63   43   43   63   43   63
    Blue.............................   44   64   44   64   44   64   44   64
 44   64   44   44   64   44   64
    Blue Underline...................   45   65   45   65   45   65   45   65
 45   65   45   45   65   45   65
    Cyan.............................   46   66   46   66   46   66   46   66
 46   66   46   46   66   46   66
    Cyan Underline...................   47   67   47   67   47   67   47   67
 47   67   47   47   67   47   67
    Red..............................   48   68   48   68   48   68   48   68
 48   68   48   48   68   48   68
    Red Underline....................   49   69   49   69   49   69   49   69
 49   69   49   49   69   49   69
    Yellow...........................   4A   6A   4A   6A   4A   6A   4A   6A
 4A   6A   4A   4A   6A   4A   6A
    Yellow Underline.................   4B   6B   4B   6B   4B   6B   4B   6B
 4B   6B   4B   4B   68   4B   6B
    Magenta..........................   4C   6C   4C   6C   4C   6C   4C   6C
 4C   6C   4C   4C   6C   4C   6C
    Magenta Underline................   4D   6D   4D   6D   4D   6D   4D   6D
 4D   6D   4D   4D   6D   4D   6D
    White Italics....................   4E   6E   4E   6E   4E   6E   4E   6E
 4E   6E   4E   4E   6E   4E   6E
    White Italics Underline..........   4F   6F   4F   6F   4F   6F   4F   6F
 4F   6F   4F   4F   6F   4F   6F
    Indent 0.........................   50   70   50   70   50   70   50   70
 50   70   50   50   70   50   70
    Indent 0 Underline...............   51   71   51   71   51   71   51   71
 51   71   51   51   71   51   71
    Indent 4.........................   52   72   52   72   52   72   52   72
 52   72   52   52   72   52   72
    Indent 4 Underline...............   53   73   53   73   53   73   53   73
 53   73   53   53   73   53   73
    Indent 8.........................   54   74   54   74   54   74   54   74
 54   74   54   54   74   54   74
    Indent 8 Underline...............   55   75   55   75   55   75   55   75
 55   75   55   55   75   55   75
    Indent 12........................   56   76   56   76   56   76   56   76
 56   76   56   56   76   56   76
    Indent 12 Underline..............   57   77   57   77   57   77   57   77
 57   77   57   57   77   57   77
    Indent 16........................   58   78   58   78   58   78   58   78
 58   78   58   58   78   58   78
    Indent 16 Underline..............   59   79   59   79   59   79   59   79
 59   79   59   59   79   59   79
    Indent 20........................   5A   7A   5A   7A   5A   7A   5A   7A
 5A   7A   5A   5A   7A   5A   7A
    Indent 20 Underline..............   5B   7B   5B   7B   5B   7B   5B   7B
 5B   7B   5B   5B   7B   5B   7B
    Indent 24........................   5C   7C   5C   7C   5C   7C   5C   7C
 5C   7C   5C   5C   7C   5C   7C
    Indent 24 Underline..............   5D   7D   5D   7D   5D   7D   5D   7D
 5D   7D   5D   5D   7D   5D   7D
    Indent 28........................   5E   7E   5E   7E   5E   7E   5E   7E
 5E   7E   5E   5E   7E   5E   7E
    Indent 28 Underline..............   5F   7F   5F   7F   5F   7F   5F   7F
 5F   7F   5F   5F   7F   5F   7F
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
Note: All indent codes (second byte equals 50h-5fh, 70th-7fh) assign white as t
he color attribute.

   (j) Data rejection. The receiver should provide an effective procedure
   to verify data. A receiver will reject data if the data is invalid, or
   if the data is directed to the data channel or field not selected by
   the user. Invalid data is any data that fails to pass a check for odd
   parity, or which, having passed the parity check, is assigned no
   function.

   (1) If a print character fails to pass a check for parity, a solid
   block (7Fh) should be displayed in place of the failed character. In
   addition, valid data can be corrupted in many ways and may not be
   suitable for display. For example, repeated fields, skipped fields and
   altered field sequences are all possible from consumer video equipment
   and might present meaningless captions.

   (2) The receiver will ignore data rejected due to being directed to a
   deselected field or channel. However, this will not cause the display
   to be disabled.

   (k) Automatic display enable/disable. The receiver shall provide an
   automatic enable/disable capability to prevent the display of invalid
   or incomplete data, when the user selects the Caption Mode. The
   display should automatically become enable after the receiver verifies
   the data as described in paragraph (j) of this section. The display
   will be automatically disabled when there is a sustained detection of
   invalid data. The display will be re-enabled when the data
   verification process has been satisfied once again.

   (l) Compatibility with Cable Security Systems. Certain cable
   television security techniques, such as signal encryption and copy
   protection, can alter the television signal so that some methods of
   finding line 21 will not work. In particular, counting of lines or
   timing from the start of the vertical blanking interval may cause
   problems. Caption decoding circuitry must function properly when
   receiving signals from cable security systems that were designed and
   marketed prior to April 5, 1991. Further information concerning such
   systems is available from the National Cable Television Association,
   Inc., Washington, DC, and from the Electronic Industries Association,
   Washington, DC.

   (m) Labelling and consumer information requirements. The box or other
   package in which the individual television receiver is to be marketed
   shall carry a statement in a prominent location, visible to the buyer
   before purchase, which reads as follows:

   This television receiver provides display of television closed
   captioning in accordance with Sec. 15.119 of the FCC rules.

   Receivers that do not support color attributes or text mode, as well
   as receivers that display only upper-case characters pursuant to
   paragraph (g) of this section, must include with the statement, and in
   the owner's manual, language indicating that those features are not
   supported.

   (n) Glossary of terms. The following terms are used to describe
   caption decoder specifications:

   (1) Base row: The bottom row of a roll-up display. The cursor always
   remains on the base row. Rows of text roll upwards into the contiguous
   rows immediately above the base row.

   (2) Box: The area surrounding the active character display. In Text
   Mode, the box is the entire screen area defined for display, whether
   or not displayable characters appear. In Caption Mode, the box is
   dynamically redefined by each caption and each element of displayable
   characters within a caption. The box (or boxes, in the case of a
   multiple-element caption) includes all the cells of the displayed
   characters, the non-transparent spaces between them, and one cell at
   the beginning and end of each row within a caption element in those
   decoders that use a solid space to improve legibility.

   (3) Caption window: The invisible rectangle which defines the top and
   bottom limits of a roll-up caption. The window can be 2 to 4 rows
   high. The lowest row of the window is called the base row.

   (4) Cell: The discrete screen area in which each displayable character
   or space may appear. A cell is one row high and one column wide.

   (5) Column: One of 32 vertical divisions of the screen, each of equal
   width, extending approximately across the full width of the safe
   caption area as defined in paragraph (n)(12) of this section. Two
   additional columns, one at the left of the screen and one at the
   right, may be defined for the appearance of a box in those decoders
   which use a solid space to improve legibility, but no displayable
   characters may appear in those additional columns. For reference,
   columns may be numbered 0 to 33, with columns 1 to 32 reserved for
   displayable characters.

   (6) Displayable character: Any letter, number or symbol which is
   defined for on-screen display, plus the 20h space.

   (7) Display disable: To turn off the display of captions or text (and
   accompanying background) at the receiver, rather than through codes
   transmitted on line 21 which unconditionally erase the display. The
   receiver may disable the display because the user selects an alternate
   mode, e.g., TV Mode, or because no valid line 21 data is present.

   (8) Display enable: To allow the display of captions or text when they
   are transmitted on line 21 and received as valid data. For display to
   be enabled, the user must have selected Caption Mode or Text Mode, and
   valid data for the selected mode must be present on line 21.

   (9) Element: In a pop-on or paint-on style caption, each contiguous
   area of cells containing displayable characters and non-transparent
   spaces between those characters. A single caption may have multiple
   elements. An element is not necessarily a perfect rectangle, but may
   include rows of differing widths.

   (10) Erase Display: In Caption Mode, to clear the screen of all
   characters (and accompanying background) in response to codes
   transmitted on line 21. (The caption service provider can accomplish
   the erasure either by sending an Erase Displayed Memory command or by
   sending an Erase Non-Displayed Memory command followed by an End of
   Caption command, effectively making a blank caption "appear".) Display
   can also be erased by the receiver when the caption memory erasure
   conditions are met, such as the user changing TV channels.

   (11) Row: One of 15 horizontal divisions of the screen, extending
   across the full height of the safe caption area as defined in
   paragraph (n)(12) of this section.

   (12) Safe caption area: The area of the television picture within
   which captioning and text shall be displayed to ensure visibility of
   the information on the majority of home television receivers. The safe
   caption area is specified as shown in the following figure:
   [ec03jn91.009.gif]

   View or download PDF

   The dimensions of the above figure shall be as follows:


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Percent of
                                                             television
          Label                      Dimensions                picture
                                                               height
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A                         Television picture height.......        100.0
B                         Television picture width........        133.33
C                         Height of safe caption area.....         80.0
D                         Width of safe caption area......        106.67
E                         Vertical position of safe                10.0
                           caption area.
F                         Horizontal position of safe              13.33
                           caption area.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

   (13) Special characters: Displayable characters (except for
   "transparent space") which require a two-byte sequence of one
   non-printing and one printing character. The non-printing byte varies
   depending on the data channel. Regular characters require unique
   one-byte codes which are the same in either data channel.

   (14) Text: When written with an upper-case "T", refers to the Text
   Mode. When written with a lower-case "t", refers to any combination of
   displayable characters.

   (15) Transparent space: Transmitted as a special character, it is a
   one-column-wide space behind which program video is always visible
   (except when a transparent space immediately precedes or follows a
   displayable character and solid box is needed to make that character
   legible).

   [ 56 FR 27201 , June 13, 1991, as amended at  57 FR 19094 , May 4, 1992;
    58 FR 44893 , Aug. 25, 1993]


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