§ 22.99   Definitions.

   Terms used in this part have the following meanings:

   Air-Ground Radiotelephone Service. A radio service in which licensees
   are authorized to offer and provide radio telecommunications service
   for hire to subscribers in aircraft.

   Airborne station. A mobile station in the Air-Ground Radiotelephone
   Service authorized for use on aircraft while in flight or on the
   ground.

   Antenna structure. A structure comprising an antenna, the tower or
   other structure that exists solely to support antennas, and any
   surmounting appurtenances (attachments such as beacons or lightning
   rods).

   Antenna. A device that converts radio frequency electrical energy to
   radiated electromagnetic energy and vice versa; in a transmitting
   station, the device from which radio waves are emitted.

   Authorized bandwidth. The necessary or occupied bandwidth of an
   emission, whichever is more.

   Authorized spectrum. The spectral width of that portion of the
   electromagnetic spectrum within which the emission power of the
   authorized transmitter(s) must be contained, in accordance with the
   rules in this part. The authorized spectrum comprises one channel
   bandwidth or the bandwidths of two or more contiguous channels.

   Auxiliary test transmitter. A fixed transmitter used to test Public
   Mobile systems.

   Base transmitter. A stationary transmitter that provides radio
   telecommunications service to mobile and/or fixed receivers, including
   those associated with mobile stations.

   Blanketing interference. Disturbance in consumer receivers located in
   the immediate vicinity of a transmitter, caused by currents directly
   induced into the consumer receiver's circuitry by the relatively high
   field strength of the transmitter.

   Cardinal radials. Eight imaginary straight lines extending radially on
   the ground from an antenna location in the following azimuths with
   respect to true North: 0�°, 45�°, 90�°, 135�°, 180�°, 225�°, 270�°, 315�°.

   Carrier frequency. The frequency of the unmodulated electrical wave at
   the output of an amplitude modulated (AM), frequency modulated (FM) or
   phase modulated (PM) transmitter.

   Cell. The service area of an individual transmitter location in a
   cellular system.

   Cellular Geographic Service Area (CGSA). The licensed geographic area
   within which a Cellular system is entitled to protection and adverse
   effects are recognized, for the purpose of determining whether a
   petitioner has standing, in the Cellular Radiotelephone Service, and
   within which the Cellular licensee is permitted to transmit, or consent
   to allow other Cellular licensees to transmit, electromagnetic energy
   and signals on the assigned channel block, in order to provide Cellular
   service. See § 22.911.

   Cellular Market Area (CMA). A standard geographic area used by the FCC
   for administrative convenience in the licensing of Cellular systems; a
   more recent term for “Cellular market” (and includes Metropolitan
   Statistical Areas (MSAs) and Rural Service Areas (RSAs)). See § 22.909.

   Cellular markets. This term is obsolescent. See definition for
   “Cellular Market Area (CMA).”

   Cellular Radiotelephone Service. A radio service in which licensees are
   authorized to offer and provide cellular service for hire to the
   general public. This service was formerly titled Domestic Public
   Cellular Radio Telecommunications Service.

   Cellular repeater. In the Cellular Radiotelephone Service, a stationary
   transmitter or device that automatically re-radiates the transmissions
   of base transmitters at a particular cell site and mobile stations
   communicating with those base transmitters, with or without channel
   translation.

   Cellular service. Radio telecommunication services provided using a
   cellular system.

   Cellular system. An automated high-capacity system of one or more
   multi-channel base stations designed to provide radio telecommunication
   services to mobile stations over a wide area in a spectrally efficient
   manner. Cellular systems employ techniques such as automatic hand-off
   between base stations of communications in progress to enable channels
   to be re-used at relatively short distances.

   Center frequency. The frequency of the middle of the bandwidth of a
   channel.

   Central office transmitter. A fixed transmitter in the Rural
   Radiotelephone Service that provides service to rural subscriber
   stations.

   CGSA. See Cellular Geographic Service Area.

   Channel. The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum assigned by the
   FCC for one emission. In certain circumstances, however, more than one
   emission may be transmitted on a channel.

   Channel bandwidth. The spectral width of a channel, as specified in
   this part, within which 99% of the emission power must be contained.

   Channel block. A group of channels that are assigned together, not
   individually.

   Channel pair. Two channels that are assigned together, not
   individually. In this part, channel pairs are indicated by an ellipsis
   between the center frequencies.

   Communications channel. In the Cellular Radiotelephone and Air-Ground
   Radiotelephone Services, a channel used to carry subscriber
   communications.

   Construction period. The period between the date of grant of an
   authorization and the date of required commencement of service.

   Control channel. In the Cellular Radiotelephone Service and the
   Air-Ground Radiotelephone Service, a channel used to transmit
   information necessary to establish or maintain communications. In the
   other Public Mobile Services, a channel that may be assigned to a
   control transmitter.

   Control point. A location where the operation of a public mobile
   station is supervised and controlled by the licensee of that station.

   Control transmitter. A fixed transmitter in the Public Mobile Services
   that transmits control signals to one or more base or fixed stations
   for the purpose of controlling the operation of the base or fixed
   stations, and/or transmits subscriber communications to one or more
   base or fixed stations that retransmit them to subscribers.

   Dead spots. Small areas within a service area where the field strength
   is lower than the minimum level for reliable service. Service within
   dead spots is presumed.

   Dispatch service. A radiotelephone service comprising communications
   between a dispatcher and one or more mobile units. These communications
   normally do not exceed one minute in duration and are transmitted
   directly through a base station, without passing through mobile
   telephone switching facilities.

   Effective radiated power (ERP). The effective radiated power of a
   transmitter (with antenna, transmission line, duplexers etc.) is the
   power that would be necessary at the input terminals of a reference
   half-wave dipole antenna in order to produce the same maximum field
   intensity. ERP is usually calculated by multiplying the measured
   transmitter output power by the specified antenna system gain, relative
   to a half-wave dipole, in the direction of interest.

   Emission. The electromagnetic energy radiated from an antenna.

   Emission designator. An internationally accepted symbol for describing
   an emission in terms of its bandwidth and the characteristics of its
   modulation, if any. See § 2.201 of this chapter for details.

   Emission mask. The design limits imposed, as a condition or
   certification, on the mean power of emissions as a function of
   frequency both within the authorized bandwidth and in the adjacent
   spectrum.

   Equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP). The equivalent
   isotropically radiated power of a transmitter (with antenna,
   transmission line, duplexers etc.) is the power that would be necessary
   at the input terminals of a reference isotropic radiator in order to
   produce the same maximum field intensity. An isotropic radiator is a
   theoretical lossless point source of radiation with unity gain in all
   directions. EIRP is usually calculated by multiplying the measured
   transmitter output power by the specified antenna system gain, relative
   to an isotropic radiator, in the direction of interest.

   Extension. In the Cellular Radiotelephone Service, an area within the
   service area boundary (calculated using the methodology of § 22.911) of
   a Cellular system but outside the licensed Cellular Geographic Service
   Area boundary. See § § 22.911 and 22.912.

   Facsimile service. Transmission of still images from one place to
   another by means of radio.

   Fill-in transmitters. Transmitters added to a station, in the same area
   and transmitting on the same channel or channel block as previously
   authorized transmitters, that do not expand the existing service area,
   but are established for the purpose of improving reception in dead
   spots.

   Fixed transmitter. A stationary transmitter that communicates with
   other stationary transmitters.

   Frequency. The number of cycles occurring per second of an electrical
   or electromagnetic wave; a number representing a specific point in the
   electromagnetic spectrum.

   Ground station. In the Air-Ground Radiotelephone Service, a stationary
   transmitter that provides service to airborne mobile stations.

   Gulf of Mexico Service Area (GMSA). The cellular market comprising the
   water area of the Gulf of Mexico bounded on the West, North and East by
   the coastline. Coastline, for this purpose, means the line of ordinary
   low water along that portion of the coast which is in direct contact
   with the open sea, and the line marking the seaward limit of inland
   waters. Inland waters include bays, historic inland waters and waters
   circumscribed by a fringe of islands within the immediate vicinity of
   the shoreline.

   Height above average terrain (HAAT). The height of an antenna above the
   average elevation of the surrounding area.

   In-building radiation systems. Supplementary systems comprising low
   power transmitters, receivers, indoor antennas and/or leaky coaxial
   cable radiators, designed to improve service reliability inside
   buildings or structures located within the service areas of stations in
   the Public Mobile Services.

   Initial cellular applications. Applications for authority to construct
   and operate a new cellular system, excluding applications for interim
   operating authority.

   Interfering contour. The locus of points surrounding a transmitter
   where the predicted median field strength of the signal from that
   transmitter is the maximum field strength that is not considered to
   cause interference at the service contour of another transmitter.

   Interoffice transmitter. A fixed transmitter in the Rural
   Radiotelephone Service that communicates with other interoffice
   transmitters for the purpose of interconnecting rural central offices.

   Mobile station. One or more transmitters that are capable of operation
   while in motion.

   Necessary bandwidth. The calculated spectral width of an emission.
   Calculations are made using procedures set forth in part 2 of this
   chapter. The bandwidth so calculated is considered to be the minimum
   necessary to convey information at the desired rate with the desired
   accuracy.

   Occupied bandwidth. The measured spectral width of an emission. The
   measurement determines occupied bandwidth as the difference between
   upper and lower frequencies where 0.5% of the emission power is above
   the upper frequency and 0.5% of the emission power is below the lower
   frequency.

   Offshore central transmitter. A fixed transmitter in the Offshore
   Radiotelephone Service that provides service to offshore subscriber
   stations.

   Offshore Radiotelephone Service. A radio service in which licensees are
   authorized to offer and provide radio telecommunication services for
   hire to subscribers on structures in the offshore coastal waters of the
   Gulf of Mexico.

   Offshore subscriber station. One or more fixed and/or mobile
   transmitters in the Offshore Radiotelephone Service that receive
   service from offshore central transmitters.

   Pager. A small radio receiver designed to be carried by a person and to
   give an aural, visual or tactile indication when activated by the
   reception of a radio signal containing its specific code. It may also
   reproduce sounds and/or display messages that were also transmitted.
   Some pagers also transmit a radio signal acknowledging that a message
   has been received.

   Paging geographic area authorization. An authorization conveying the
   exclusive right to establish and expand one or more stations throughout
   a paging geographic area or, in the case of a partitioned geographic
   area, throughout a specified portion of a paging geographic area, on a
   specified channel allocated for assignment in the Paging and
   Radiotelephone Service. These are subject to the conditions that no
   interference may be caused to existing co-channel stations operated by
   other licensees within the paging geographic area and that no
   interference may be caused to existing or proposed co-channel stations
   of other licensees in adjoining paging geographic areas.

   Paging geographic areas. Standard geographic areas used by the FCC for
   administrative convenience in the licensing of stations to operate on
   channels allocated for assignment in the Paging and Radiotelephone
   Service. See § 22.503(b).

   Paging and Radiotelephone Service. A radio service in which common
   carriers are authorized to offer and provide paging and radiotelephone
   service for hire to the general public. This service was formerly
   titled Public Land Mobile Service.

   Paging service. Transmission of coded radio signals for the purpose of
   activating specific pagers; such transmissions may include messages
   and/or sounds.

   Power spectral density (PSD). The power of an emission in the frequency
   domain, such as in terms of ERP or EIRP, stated per unit bandwidth,
   e.g., watts/MHz.

   Public Mobile Services. Radio services in which licensees are
   authorized to offer and provide mobile and related fixed radio
   telecommunication services for hire to the public.

   Radio telecommunication services. Communication services provided by
   the use of radio, including radiotelephone, radiotelegraph, paging and
   facsimile service.

   Radiotelegraph service. Transmission of messages from one place to
   another by means of radio.

   Radiotelephone service. Transmission of sound from one place to another
   by means of radio.

   Repeater. A fixed transmitter that retransmits the signals of other
   stations.

   Roamer. A mobile station receiving service from a station or system in
   the Public Mobile Services other than one to which it is a subscriber.

   Rural Radiotelephone Service. A radio service in which licensees are
   authorized to offer and provide radio telecommunication services for
   hire to subscribers in areas where it is not feasible to provide
   communication services by wire or other means.

   Rural subscriber station. One or more fixed transmitters in the Rural
   Radiotelephone Service that receive service from central office
   transmitters.

   Service area. The geographic area considered by the FCC to be reliably
   served by a station in the Public Mobile Services.

   Service contour. The locus of points surrounding a transmitter where
   the predicted median field strength of the signal from that transmitter
   is the minimum field strength that is considered sufficient to provide
   reliable service to mobile stations.

   Service to subscribers. Service to at least one subscriber that is not
   affiliated with, controlled by or related to the providing carrier.

   Signal booster. A stationary device that automatically reradiates
   signals from base transmitters without channel translation, for the
   purpose of improving the reliability of existing service by increasing
   the signal strength in dead spots.

   Station. A station equipped to engage in radio communication or radio
   transmission of energy (47 U.S.C. 153(k)).

   Telecommunications common carrier. An individual, partnership,
   association, joint-stock company, trust or corporation engaged in
   rendering radio telecommunications services to the general public for
   hire.

   Temporary fixed station. One or more fixed transmitters that normally
   do not remain at any particular location for longer than 6 months.

   Universal licensing system. The Universal Licensing System (ULS) is the
   consolidated database, application filing system, and processing system
   for all Wireless Radio Services. ULS supports electronic filing of all
   applications and related documents by applicants and licensees in the
   Wireless Radio Services, and provides public access to licensing
   information.

   Unserved Area. With regard to a channel block allocated for assignment
   in the Cellular Radiotelephone Service: Geographic area in the District
   of Columbia, or any State, Territory or Possession of the United States
   of America that is not within any Cellular Geographic Service Area of
   any Cellular system authorized to transmit on that channel block. With
   regard to a channel allocated for assignment in the Paging and
   Radiotelephone service: Geographic area within the District of
   Columbia, or any State, Territory or possession of the United States of
   America that is not within the service contour of any base transmitter
   in any station authorized to transmit on that channel.

   [ 59 FR 59507 , Nov. 17, 1994, as amended at  61 FR 31050 , June 19, 1996;
    61 FR 54098 , Oct. 17, 1996;  62 FR 11628 , Mar. 12, 1997;  63 FR 36603 ,
   July 7, 1998;  63 FR 68943 , Dec. 14, 1998;  67 FR 9609 , Mar. 4, 2002;  70 FR 19307 , Apr. 13, 2005;  79 FR 72150 , Dec. 5, 2014;  82 FR 17581 , Apr.
   12, 2017]

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Subpart B—Licensing Requirements and Procedures

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Applications and Notifications

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