§  15.407   General technical requirements.

   (a) Power limits:

   (1) For the band 5.15-5.25 GHz.

   (i) For an outdoor access point operating in the band 5.15-5.25 GHz,
   the maximum conducted output power over the frequency band of operation
   shall not exceed 1 W provided the maximum antenna gain does not exceed
   6 dBi. In addition, the maximum power spectral density shall not exceed
   17 dBm in any 1 megahertz band. If transmitting antennas of directional
   gain greater than 6 dBi are used, both the maximum conducted output
   power and the maximum power spectral density shall be reduced by the
   amount in dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi.
   The maximum e.i.r.p. at any elevation angle above 30 degrees as
   measured from the horizon must not exceed 125 mW (21 dBm).

   (ii) For an indoor access point operating in the band 5.15-5.25 GHz,
   the maximum conducted output power over the frequency band of operation
   shall not exceed 1 W provided the maximum antenna gain does not exceed
   6 dBi. In addition, the maximum power spectral density shall not exceed
   17 dBm in any 1 megahertz band. If transmitting antennas of directional
   gain greater than 6 dBi are used, both the maximum conducted output
   power and the maximum power spectral density shall be reduced by the
   amount in dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi.

   (iii) For fixed point-to-point access points operating in the band
   5.15-5.25 GHz, the maximum conducted output power over the frequency
   band of operation shall not exceed 1 W. In addition, the maximum power
   spectral density shall not exceed 17 dBm in any 1 megahertz band. Fixed
   point-to-point U-NII devices may employ antennas with directional gain
   up to 23 dBi without any corresponding reduction in the maximum
   conducted output power or maximum power spectral density. For fixed
   point-to-point transmitters that employ a directional antenna gain
   greater than 23 dBi, a 1 dB reduction in maximum conducted output power
   and maximum power spectral density is required for each 1 dB of antenna
   gain in excess of 23 dBi. Fixed, point-to-point operations exclude the
   use of point-to-multipoint systems, omnidirectional applications, and
   multiple collocated transmitters transmitting the same information. The
   operator of the U-NII device, or if the equipment is professionally
   installed, the installer, is responsible for ensuring that systems
   employing high gain directional antennas are used exclusively for
   fixed, point-to-point operations.

   (iv) For client devices in the 5.15-5.25 GHz band, the maximum
   conducted output power over the frequency band of operation shall not
   exceed 250 mW provided the maximum antenna gain does not exceed 6 dBi.
   In addition, the maximum power spectral density shall not exceed 11 dBm
   in any 1 megahertz band. If transmitting antennas of directional gain
   greater than 6 dBi are used, both the maximum conducted output power
   and the maximum power spectral density shall be reduced by the amount
   in dB that the directional gain of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi.

   (2) For the 5.25-5.35 GHz and 5.47-5.725 GHz bands, the maximum
   conducted output power over the frequency bands of operation shall not
   exceed the lesser of 250 mW or 11 dBm + 10 log B, where B is the 26 dB
   emission bandwidth in megahertz. In addition, the maximum power
   spectral density shall not exceed 11 dBm in any 1 megahertz band. If
   transmitting antennas of directional gain greater than 6 dBi are used,
   both the maximum conducted output power and the maximum power spectral
   density shall be reduced by the amount in dB that the directional gain
   of the antenna exceeds 6 dBi.

   (3) For the band 5.725-5.895 GHz: (i) For the band 5.725-5.850 GHz, the
   maximum conducted output power over the frequency band of operation
   shall not exceed 1 W. In addition, the maximum power spectral density
   shall not exceed 30 dBm in any 500-kHz band. If transmitting antennas
   of directional gain greater than 6 dBi are used, both the maximum
   conducted output power and the maximum power spectral density shall be
   reduced by the amount in dB that the directional gain of the antenna
   exceeds 6 dBi. However, fixed point-to-point U-NII devices operating in
   this band may employ transmitting antennas with directional gain
   greater than 6 dBi without any corresponding reduction in transmitter
   conducted power. Fixed, point-to-point operations exclude the use of
   point-to-multipoint systems, omnidirectional applications, and multiple
   collocated transmitters transmitting the same information. The operator
   of the U-NII device, or if the equipment is professionally installed,
   the installer, is responsible for ensuring that systems employing high
   gain directional antennas are used exclusively for fixed,
   point-to-point operations.

   (ii) For an indoor access point operating in the 5.850-5.895 GHz band,
   the maximum power spectral density must not exceed 20 dBm e.i.r.p. in
   any 1-megahertz band. In addition, the maximum e.i.r.p. over the
   frequency band of operation must not exceed 36 dBm. Indoor access
   points operating on a channel that spans the 5.725-5.850 GHz and
   5.850-5.895 GHz bands must not exceed an e.i.r.p. of 36 dBm.

   (iii) For client devices operating under the control of an indoor
   access point in the 5.850-5.895 GHz band, the maximum power spectral
   density must not exceed 14 dBm e.i.r.p. in any 1-megahertz band, and
   the maximum e.i.r.p. over the frequency band of operation must not
   exceed 30 dBm. Client devices operating on a channel that spans the
   5.725-5.850 GHz and 5.850-5.895 GHz bands must not exceed an e.i.r.p.
   of 30 dBm.

   (iv) For a subordinate device operating under the control of an indoor
   access point in the 5.850-5.895 GHz band, the maximum power spectral
   density must not exceed 20 dBm e.i.r.p in any 1-megahertz band, and the
   maximum e.i.r.p. over the frequency band of operation must not exceed
   36 dBm.

   (v) In the 5.850-5.895 GHz band, client devices must operate under the
   control of an indoor access point. In all cases, an exception exists
   for transmitting brief messages to an access point when attempting to
   join its network after detecting a signal that confirms that an access
   point is operating on a particular channel. Access points may connect
   to other access points. Client devices are prohibited from connecting
   directly to another client device.

   Note to paragraph (a)(3): The Commission strongly recommends that
   parties employing U-NII devices to provide critical communications
   services should determine if there are any nearby Government radar
   systems that could affect their operation.

   (4) For a standard power access point and fixed client device operating
   in the 5.925-6.425 GHz and 6.525-6.875 GHz bands, the maximum power
   spectral density must not exceed 23 dBm e.i.r.p in any 1-megahertz
   band. In addition, the maximum e.i.r.p. over the frequency band of
   operation must not exceed 36 dBm. For outdoor devices, the maximum
   e.i.r.p. at any elevation angle above 30 degrees as measured from the
   horizon must not exceed 125 mW (21 dBm).

   (5) For an indoor access point operating in the 5.925-7.125 GHz band,
   the maximum power spectral density must not exceed 5 dBm e.i.r.p. in
   any 1-megahertz band. In addition, the maximum e.i.r.p. over the
   frequency band of operation must not exceed 30 dBm.

   (6) For a subordinate device operating under the control of an indoor
   access point in the 5.925-7.125 GHz band, the maximum power spectral
   density must not exceed 5 dBm e.i.r.p in any 1-megahertz band, and the
   maximum e.i.r.p. over the frequency band of operation must not exceed
   30 dBm.

   (7) For client devices, except for fixed client devices as defined in
   this subpart, operating under the control of a standard power access
   point in 5.925-6.425 GHz and 6.525-6.875 GHz bands, the maximum power
   spectral density must not exceed 17 dBm e.i.r.p. in any 1-megahertz
   band, and the maximum e.i.r.p. over the frequency band of operation
   must not exceed 30 dBm and the device must limit its power to no more
   than 6 dB below its associated standard power access point's authorized
   transmit power.

   (8) For client devices operating under the control of an indoor access
   point in the 5.925-7.125 GHz bands, the maximum power spectral density
   must not exceed −1 dBm e.i.r.p. in any 1-megahertz band, and the
   maximum e.i.r.p. over the frequency band of operation must not exceed
   24 dBm.

   (9) Access points operating under the provisions of paragraphs (a)(5)
   and (a)(6) of this section must employ a permanently attached
   integrated antenna.

   (10) The maximum transmitter channel bandwidth for U-NII devices in the
   5.925-7.125 GHz band is 320 megahertz.

   (11) The maximum conducted output power must be measured over any
   interval of continuous transmission using instrumentation calibrated in
   terms of an rms-equivalent voltage.

   (12) Power spectral density measurement: The maximum power spectral
   density is measured as a conducted emission by direct connection of a
   calibrated test instrument to the equipment under test. If the device
   cannot be connected directly, alternative techniques acceptable to the
   Commission may be used. Measurements in the 5.725-5.895 GHz band are
   made over a reference bandwidth of 500 kHz or the 26 dB emission
   bandwidth of the device, whichever is less. Measurements in all other
   bands are made over a bandwidth of 1 MHz or the 26 dB emission
   bandwidth of the device, whichever is less. A narrower resolution
   bandwidth can be used, provided that the measured power is integrated
   over the full reference bandwidth.

   (b) Undesirable emission limits. Except as shown in paragraph (b)(7) of
   this section, the maximum emissions outside of the frequency bands of
   operation shall be attenuated in accordance with the following limits:

   (1) For transmitters operating in the 5.15-5.25 GHz band: All emissions
   outside of the 5.15-5.35 GHz band shall not exceed an e.i.r.p. of −27
   dBm/MHz.

   (2) For transmitters operating in the 5.25-5.35 GHz band: All emissions
   outside of the 5.15-5.35 GHz band shall not exceed an e.i.r.p. of −27
   dBm/MHz.

   (3) For transmitters operating in the 5.47-5.725 GHz band: All
   emissions outside of the 5.47-5.725 GHz band shall not exceed an
   e.i.r.p. of −27 dBm/MHz.

   (4) For transmitters operating solely in the 5.725-5.850 GHz band:

   (i) All emissions shall be limited to a level of −27 dBm/MHz at 75 MHz
   or more above or below the band edge increasing linearly to 10 dBm/MHz
   at 25 MHz above or below the band edge, and from 25 MHz above or below
   the band edge increasing linearly to a level of 15.6 dBm/MHz at 5 MHz
   above or below the band edge, and from 5 MHz above or below the band
   edge increasing linearly to a level of 27 dBm/MHz at the band edge.

   (ii) Devices certified before March 2, 2017 with antenna gain greater
   than 10 dBi may demonstrate compliance with the emission limits in
   § 15.247(d), but manufacturing, marketing and importing of devices
   certified under this alternative must cease by March 2, 2018. Devices
   certified before March 2, 2018 with antenna gain of 10 dBi or less may
   demonstrate compliance with the emission limits in § 15.247(d), but
   manufacturing, marketing and importing of devices certified under this
   alternative must cease before March 2, 2020.

   (5) For transmitters operating solely in the 5.850-5.895 GHz band or
   operating on a channel that spans across 5.725-5.895 GHz:

   (i) For an indoor access point or subordinate device, all emissions at
   or above 5.895 GHz shall not exceed an e.i.r.p. of 15 dBm/MHz and shall
   decrease linearly to an e.i.r.p. of −7 dBm/MHz at or above 5.925 GHz.

   (ii) For a client device, all emissions at or above 5.895 GHz shall not
   exceed an e.i.r.p. of −5 dBm/MHz and shall decrease linearly to an
   e.i.r.p. of −27 dBm/MHz at or above 5.925 GHz.

   (iii) For a client device or indoor access point or subordinate device,
   all emissions below 5.725 GHz shall not exceed an e.i.r.p. of −27
   dBm/MHz at 5.65 GHz increasing linearly to 10 dBm/MHz at 5.7 GHz, and
   from 5.7 GHz increasing linearly to a level of 15.6 dBm/MHz at 5.72
   GHz, and from 5.72 GHz increasing linearly to a level of 27 dBm/MHz at
   5.725 GHz.

   (6) For transmitters operating within the 5.925-7.125 GHz band: Any
   emissions outside of the 5.925-7.125 GHz band must not exceed an
   e.i.r.p. of −27 dBm/MHz.

   (7) For transmitters operating within the 5.925-7.125 GHz bands: Power
   spectral density must be suppressed by 20 dB at 1 MHz outside of
   channel edge, by 28 dB at one channel bandwidth from the channel
   center, and by 40 dB at one- and one-half times the channel bandwidth
   away from channel center. At frequencies between one megahertz outside
   an unlicensed device's channel edge and one channel bandwidth from the
   center of the channel, the limits must be linearly interpolated between
   20 dB and 28 dB suppression, and at frequencies between one and one-
   and one-half times an unlicensed device's channel bandwidth, the limits
   must be linearly interpolated between 28 dB and 40 dB suppression.
   Emissions removed from the channel center by more than one- and
   one-half times the channel bandwidth must be suppressed by at least 40
   dB.

   (8) The emission measurements shall be performed using a minimum
   resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz. A lower resolution bandwidth may be
   employed near the band edge, when necessary, provided the measured
   energy is integrated to show the total power over 1 MHz.

   (9) Unwanted emissions below 1 GHz must comply with the general field
   strength limits set forth in § 15.209. Further, any U-NII devices using
   an AC power line are required to comply also with the conducted limits
   set forth in § 15.207.

   (10) The provisions of § 15.205 apply to intentional radiators operating
   under this section.

   (11) When measuring the emission limits, the nominal carrier frequency
   shall be adjusted as close to the upper and lower frequency band edges
   as the design of the equipment permits.

   (c) The device shall automatically discontinue transmission in case of
   either absence of information to transmit or operational failure. These
   provisions are not intended to preclude the transmission of control or
   signalling information or the use of repetitive codes used by certain
   digital technologies to complete frame or burst intervals. Applicants
   shall include in their application for equipment authorization a
   description of how this requirement is met.

   (d) Operational restrictions for 6 GHz U-NII devices. (1) Operation of
   standard access points, fixed client devices and indoor access points
   in the 5.925-7.125 GHz band is prohibited on oil platforms, cars,
   trains, boats, and aircraft, except that indoor access points are
   permitted to operate in the 5.925-6.425 GHz bands in large aircraft
   while flying above 10,000 feet.

   (2) Operation of transmitters in the 5.925-7.125 GHz band is prohibited
   for control of or communications with unmanned aircraft systems.

   (3) Transmitters operating under the provisions of paragraphs (a)(5),
   (a)(6), and (a)(8) of this section are limited to indoor locations.

   (4) In the 5.925-7.125 GHz band, indoor access points and subordinate
   devices must bear the following statement in a conspicuous location on
   the device and in the user's manual: FCC regulations restrict operation
   of this device to indoor use only. The operation of this device is
   prohibited on oil platforms, cars, trains, boats, and aircraft, except
   that operation of this device is permitted in large aircraft while
   flying above 10,000 feet.

   (5) In the 5.925-7.125 GHz band, client devices, except fixed client
   devices, must operate under the control of a standard power access
   point, indoor access point or subordinate devices; Subordinate devices
   must operate under the control of an indoor access point. In all cases,
   an exception exists for transmitting brief messages to an access point
   when attempting to join its network after detecting a signal that
   confirms that an access point is operating on a particular channel.
   Access points and subordinate devices may connect to other access
   points or subordinate devices. Client devices are prohibited from
   connecting directly to another client device.

   (6) Indoor access points, subordinate devices and client devices
   operating in the 5.925-7.125 GHz band must employ a contention-based
   protocol.

   (7) Fixed client devices may only connect to a standard power access
   point.

   (e) Within the 5.725-5.850 GHz and 5.850-5.895 GHz bands, the minimum 6
   dB bandwidth of U-NII devices shall be at least 500 kHz.

   (f) Radio frequency devices operating under the provisions of this part
   are subject to the radio frequency radiation exposure requirements
   specified in § § 1.1307(b), 1.1310, 2.1091, and 2.1093 of this chapter,
   as appropriate. All equipment shall be considered to operate in a
   “general population/uncontrolled” environment. Applications for
   equipment authorization of mobile or portable devices operating under
   this section must contain a statement confirming compliance with these
   requirements. Technical information showing the basis for this
   statement must be submitted to the Commission upon request.

   (g) Manufacturers of U-NII devices are responsible for ensuring
   frequency stability such that an emission is maintained within the band
   of operation under all conditions of normal operation as specified in
   the users manual.

   (h) Transmit Power Control (TPC) and Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS).

   (1) Transmit power control (TPC). U-NII devices operating in the
   5.25-5.35 GHz band and the 5.47-5.725 GHz band shall employ a TPC
   mechanism. The U-NII device is required to have the capability to
   operate at least 6 dB below the mean EIRP value of 30 dBm. A TPC
   mechanism is not required for systems with an e.i.r.p. of less than 500
   mW.

   (2) Radar Detection Function of Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS).
   U-NII devices operating with any part of its 26 dB emission bandwidth
   in the 5.25-5.35 GHz and 5.47-5.725 GHz bands shall employ a DFS radar
   detection mechanism to detect the presence of radar systems and to
   avoid co-channel operation with radar systems. Operators shall only use
   equipment with a DFS mechanism that is turned on when operating in
   these bands. The device must sense for radar signals at 100 percent of
   its emission bandwidth. The minimum DFS detection threshold for devices
   with a maximum e.i.r.p. of 200 mW to 1 W is −64 dBm. For devices that
   operate with less than 200 mW e.i.r.p. and a power spectral density of
   less than 10 dBm in a 1 MHz band, the minimum detection threshold is
   −62 dBm. The detection threshold is the received power averaged over 1
   microsecond referenced to a 0 dBi antenna. For the initial channel
   setting, the manufacturers shall be permitted to provide for either
   random channel selection or manual channel selection.

   (i) Operational Modes. The DFS requirement applies to the following
   operational modes:

   (A) The requirement for channel availability check time applies in the
   master operational mode.

   (B) The requirement for channel move time applies in both the master
   and slave operational modes.

   (ii) Channel Availability Check Time. A U-NII device shall check if
   there is a radar system already operating on the channel before it can
   initiate a transmission on a channel and when it has to move to a new
   channel. The U-NII device may start using the channel if no radar
   signal with a power level greater than the interference threshold
   values listed in paragraph (h)(2) of this section, is detected within
   60 seconds.

   (iii) Channel Move Time. After a radar's presence is detected, all
   transmissions shall cease on the operating channel within 10 seconds.
   Transmissions during this period shall consist of normal traffic for a
   maximum of 200 ms after detection of the radar signal. In addition,
   intermittent management and control signals can be sent during the
   remaining time to facilitate vacating the operating channel.

   (iv) Non-occupancy Period. A channel that has been flagged as
   containing a radar system, either by a channel availability check or
   in-service monitoring, is subject to a non-occupancy period of at least
   30 minutes. The non-occupancy period starts at the time when the radar
   system is detected.

   (i) Device Security. All U-NII devices must contain security features
   to protect against modification of software by unauthorized parties.

   (1) Manufacturers must implement security features in any digitally
   modulated devices capable of operating in any of the U-NII bands, so
   that third parties are not able to reprogram the device to operate
   outside the parameters for which the device was certified. The software
   must prevent the user from operating the transmitter with operating
   frequencies, output power, modulation types or other radio frequency
   parameters outside those that were approved for the device.
   Manufacturers may use means including, but not limited to the use of a
   private network that allows only authenticated users to download
   software, electronic signatures in software or coding in hardware that
   is decoded by software to verify that new software can be legally
   loaded into a device to meet these requirements and must describe the
   methods in their application for equipment authorization.

   (2) Manufacturers must take steps to ensure that DFS functionality
   cannot be disabled by the operator of the U-NII device.

   (j) Operator Filing Requirement: Before deploying an aggregate total of
   more than one thousand outdoor access points within the 5.15-5.25 GHz
   band, parties must submit a letter to the Commission acknowledging
   that, should harmful interference to licensed services in this band
   occur, they will be required to take corrective action. Corrective
   actions may include reducing power, turning off devices, changing
   frequency bands, and/or further reducing power radiated in the vertical
   direction. This material shall be submitted to Laboratory Division,
   Office of Engineering and Technology, Federal Communications
   Commission, 7435 Oakland Mills Road, Columbia, MD 21046. Attn: U-NII
   Coordination, or via Web site at https://www.fcc.gov/labhelp with the
   SUBJECT LINE: “U-NII-1 Filing”.

   (k) Automated frequency coordination (AFC) system. (1) Standard power
   access points and fixed client devices operating under paragraph (a)(4)
   of this section must access an AFC system to determine the available
   frequencies and the maximum permissible power in each frequency range
   at their geographic coordinates prior to transmitting. Standard power
   access points and fixed client devices may transmit only on frequencies
   and at power levels that an AFC system indicates as available.

   (2) An AFC system must be capable of determining the available
   frequencies in steps of no greater than 3 dB below the maximum
   permissible e.i.r.p of 36 dBm, and down to at least a minimum level of
   21 dBm.

   (3) An AFC system must obtain information on protected services within
   the 5.925-6.425 GHz and 6.525-6.875 GHz bands from Commission databases
   and use that information to determine frequency availability for
   standard power access points and fixed client devices based on
   protection criteria specified in paragraph (l)(2) of this section.

   (4) An AFC system must use the information supplied by standard power
   access points and fixed client devices during registration, as set
   forth in this section, to determine available frequencies and the
   maximum permissible power in each frequency range for a standard power
   access point at any given location. All such determinations and
   assignments must be made in a non-discriminatory manner, consistent
   with this part.

   (5) An AFC system must store registered information in a secure
   database until a standard power access point or fixed client device
   ceases operation at a location. For the purpose of this paragraph, a
   standard power access point or fixed client device is considered to
   have ceased operation when that device has not contacted the AFC system
   for more than three months to verify frequency availability
   information.

   (6) An AFC system must verify the validity of the FCC identifier (FCC
   ID) of any standard power access point and fixed client device seeking
   access to its services prior to authorizing the access point to begin
   operation. A list of standard power access points with valid FCC IDs
   and the FCC IDs of those devices must be obtained from the Commission's
   Equipment Authorization System.

   (7) The general purposes of AFC system include:

   (i) Enacting all policies and procedures developed by the AFC system
   operators pursuant to this section.

   (ii) Registering, authenticating, and authorizing standard power access
   point and fixed client device operations, individually or through a
   network element device representing multiple standard power access
   points from the same operating network.

   (iii) Providing standard power access points and fixed client devices
   with the permissible frequencies and the maximum permissible power in
   each frequency range at their locations using propagation models and
   interference protection criteria defined in paragraph (l) of this
   section.

   (iv) Obtaining updated protected sites information from Commission
   databases.

   (8) Standard power access points and fixed client devices:

   (i) Must register with and be authorized by an AFC system prior to the
   standard power access point and fixed client device's initial service
   transmission, or after a standard power access point or fixed client
   device changes location, and must obtain a list of available
   frequencies and the maximum permissible power in each frequency range
   at the standard power access point and fixed client device's location.

   (ii) Must register with the AFC system by providing the following
   parameters: Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude referenced
   to North American Datum 1983 (NAD 83)), antenna height above ground
   level, FCC identification number, and unique manufacturer's serial
   number. If any of these parameters change, the standard power access
   point or fixed client device must provide updated parameters to the AFC
   system. All information provided by the standard power access point and
   the fixed client device to the AFC system must be true, complete,
   correct, and made in good faith.

   (iii) Must provide the registration information to the AFC system
   either directly and individually or by a network element representing
   multiple standard power access points or fixed client devices from the
   same operating network. The standard power access point, fixed client
   device or its network element must register with the AFC system via any
   communication link, wired or wireless, outside 5.925-6.425 GHz and
   6.525-6.875 GHz bands.

   (iv) Must contact an AFC system at least once per day to obtain the
   latest list of available frequencies and the maximum permissible power
   the standard power access point or fixed client device may operate with
   on each frequency at the standard power access point and fixed client
   device's location. If the standard power access point or fixed client
   device fails to successfully contact the AFC system during any given
   day, the standard power access point or fixed client device may
   continue to operate until 11:59 p.m. of the following day at which time
   it must cease operations until it re-establishes contact with the AFC
   system and re-verifies its list of available frequencies and associated
   power levels.

   (v) Must incorporate adequate security measures to prevent it from
   accessing AFC systems not approved by the FCC and to ensure that
   unauthorized parties cannot modify the device to operate in a manner
   inconsistent with the rules and protection criteria set forth in this
   section and to ensure that communications between standard power access
   points, fixed client devices and AFC systems are secure to prevent
   corruption or unauthorized interception of data. Additionally, the AFC
   system must incorporate security measures to protect against
   unauthorized data input or alteration of stored data, including
   establishing communications authentication procedures between client
   devices and standard power access points.

   (9) Standard power access point and fixed client device geo-location
   capability:

   (i) A standard power access point and a fixed client device must
   include either an internal geo-location capability or an integrated
   capability to securely connect to an external geolocation devices or
   service, to automatically determine the standard power access point's
   geographic coordinates and location uncertainty (in meters), with a
   confidence level of 95%. The standard power access point and fixed
   client device must report such coordinates and location uncertainty to
   an AFC system at the time of activation from a power-off condition.

   (ii) An external geo-location source may be connected to a standard
   power access point or fixed client device through either a wired or a
   wireless connection. A single geo-location source may provide location
   information to multiple standard power access points or fixed client
   devices.

   (iii) An external geo-location source must be connected to a standard
   power access point or fixed client device using a secure connection
   that ensures that only an external geo-location source approved for use
   with a standard power access point or fixed client device provides
   geographic coordinates to that standard power access point or fixed
   client device. Alternatively, an extender cable may be used to connect
   a remote receive antenna to a geo-location receiver within a standard
   power access point or fixed client device.

   (iv) The applicant for certification of a standard power access point
   or fixed client device must demonstrate the accuracy of the
   geo-location method used and the location uncertainty. For standard
   power access points and fixed client devices that may not use an
   internal geo-location capability, this uncertainty must account for the
   accuracy of the geo-location source and the separation distance between
   such source and the standard power access point or fixed client device.

   (10) An AFC system operator will be designated for a five-year term
   which can be renewed by the Commission based on the operator's
   performance during the term. If an AFC system ceases operation, it must
   provide at least 30-days' notice to the Commission and transfer any
   registration data to another AFC system operator.

   (11) The Commission will designate one or more AFC system operators to
   provide service in the 5.925-6.425 GHz and 6.525-6.875 GHz bands.

   (12) The Commission may permit the functions of an AFC system, such as
   a data repository, registration, and query services, to be divided
   among multiple entities; however, entities designated as AFC system
   operators will be held accountable for the overall functioning and
   system administration of the AFC system.

   (13) The AFC system must ensure that all communications and
   interactions between the AFC system and standard power access points
   and fixed client devices are accurate and secure and that unauthorized
   parties cannot access or alter the database, or the list of available
   frequencies and associated powers sent to a standard power access
   point.

   (14) An AFC system must implement the terms of international agreements
   with Mexico and Canada.

   (15) Each AFC system operator designated by the Commission must:

   (i) Maintain a regularly updated AFC system database that contains the
   information described in this section, including incumbent's
   information and standard power access points and fixed client devices
   registration parameters.

   (ii) Establish and follow protocols and procedures to ensure compliance
   with the rules set forth in this part.

   (iii) Establish and follow protocols and procedures sufficient to
   ensure that all communications and interactions between the AFC system
   and standard power access points and fixed client devices are accurate
   and secure and that unauthorized parties cannot access or alter the AFC
   system, or the information transmitted from the AFC system to standard
   power access points or fixed client devices.

   (iv) Provide service for a five-year term. This term may be renewed at
   the Commission's discretion.

   (v) Respond in a timely manner to verify, correct, or remove, as
   appropriate, data in the event that the Commission or a party presents
   to the AFC system Operator a claim of inaccuracies in the AFC system.
   This requirement applies only to information that the Commission
   requires to be stored in the AFC system.

   (vi) Establish and follow protocols to comply with enforcement
   instructions from the Commission, including discontinuance of standard
   power access point operations in designated geographic areas.

   (16) An AFC system operator may charge fees for providing service in
   registration and channel availability functions. The Commission may,
   upon request, review the fees and can require changes to those fees if
   the Commission finds them unreasonable.

   (l) Incumbent Protection by AFC system: Fixed Microwave Services. A
   standard power access point or fixed client device must not cause
   harmful interference to fixed microwave services authorized to operate
   in the 5.925-6.425 GHz and 6.525-6.875 GHz bands. Based on the criteria
   set forth below, an AFC system must establish location and
   frequency-based exclusion zones (both co-channel and adjacent channel)
   around fixed microwave receivers operating in the 5.925-6.425 GHz and
   6.525-6.875 GHz bands. Individual standard power access points and
   fixed client devices must not operate co-channel to fixed microwave
   system frequencies within co-channel exclusion zones, or on adjacent
   channel frequencies within adjacent channel exclusion zones.

   (1) Propagation Models: Propagation models to determine the appropriate
   separation distance between a standard power access point or a fixed
   client device and an incumbent fixed microwave service receiver. For a
   separation distance:

   (i) Up to 30 meters, the AFC system must use the free space path-loss
   model.

   (ii) More than 30 meters and up to and including one kilometer, the AFC
   system must use the Wireless World Initiative New Radio phase II
   (WINNER II) model. The AFC system must use site-specific information,
   including buildings and terrain data, for determining the
   line-of-sight/non-line-of-sight path component in the WINNER II model,
   where such data is available. For evaluating paths where such data is
   not available, the AFC system must use a probabilistic model combining
   the line-of-sight path and non-line-of-sight path into a single
   path-loss as follows:

   Path-loss (L) = Σi P(i) * Li = PLOS * LLOS + PNLOS * LNLOS,

   where PLOS is the probability of line-of-sight, LLOS is the
   line-of-sight path loss, PNLOS is the probability of non-line-of sight,
   LNLOS is the non-line-of-sight path loss, and L is the combined path
   loss. The WINNER II path loss models include a formula to determine
   PLOS as a function of antenna heights and distance. PNLOS is equal to
   (1−PLOS). In all cases, the AFC system will use the correct WINNER II
   parameters to match the morphology of the path between a standard power
   access point and a fixed microwave receiver (i.e., Urban, Suburban, or
   Rural).

   (iii) More than one kilometer, the AFC system must use Irregular
   Terrain Model (ITM) combined with the appropriate clutter model. To
   account for the effects of clutter, such as buildings and foliage, that
   the AFC system must combine the ITM with the ITU-R P.2108-0 (06/2017)
   clutter model for urban and suburban environments and the ITU-R
   P.452-16 (07/2015) clutter model for rural environments. The AFC system
   should use the most appropriate clutter category for the local
   morphology when using ITU-R P.452-16. However, if detailed local
   information is not available, the “Village Centre” clutter category
   should be used. The AFC system must use 1 arc-second digital elevation
   terrain data and, for locations where such data is not available, the
   most granular available digital elevation terrain data.

   (2) Interference Protection Criteria:

   (i) The AFC system must use −6 dB I/N as the interference protection
   criteria in determining the size of the co-channel exclusion zone where
   I (interference) is the co-channel signal from the standard power
   access point or fixed client device at the fixed microwave service
   receiver, and N (noise) is background noise level at the fixed
   microwave service receiver.

   (ii) The AFC system must use −6 dB I/N as the interference protection
   criteria in determining the size of the adjacent channel exclusion
   zone, where I (interference) is the signal from the standard power
   access point or fixed client device's out of channel emissions at the
   fixed microwave service receiver and N (noise) is background noise
   level at the fixed microwave service receiver. The adjacent channel
   exclusion zone must be calculated based on the emissions requirements
   of paragraph (b)(6) of this section.

   (m) Incumbent Protection by AFC system: Radio Astronomy Services. The
   AFC system must enforce an exclusion zones to the following radio
   observatories that observe between 6650-6675.2 MHz: Arecibo
   Observatory, the Green Bank Observatory, the Very Large Array (VLA),
   the 10 Stations of the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), the Owens
   Valley Radio Observatory, and the Allen Telescope Array. The exclusion
   zone sizes are based on the radio line-of-sight and determined using
   4⁄3 earth curvature and the following formula:

   dkm__los = 4.12 * (sqrt(Htx) + sqrt(Hrx)),

   where Htx is the height of the unlicensed standard power access point
   or fixed client device and Hrx is the height of the radio astronomy
   antenna in meters above ground level. Coordinate locations of the radio
   observatories are listed in section 2.106, notes US 131 and US 385 of
   this part.

   (n) Incumbent Protection by AFC system: Fixed-Satellite Services.
   Standard power access points and fixed client devices located outdoors
   must limit their maximum e.i.r.p. at any elevation angle above 30
   degrees as measured from the horizon to 21 dBm (125 mW) to protect
   fixed satellite services.

   [ 63 FR 40836 , July 31, 1998, as amended at  69 FR 2687 , Jan. 20, 2004;
    69 FR 54036 , Sept. 7, 2004;  79 FR 24579 , May 1, 2014;  79 FR 56988 ,
   Sept. 24, 2014;  79 FR 76903 , Dec. 23, 2014;  81 FR 19901 , Apr. 6, 2016;
    85 FR 18149 , Apr. 1, 2020;  85 FR 31411 , May 26, 2020;  86 FR 23295 , May
   3, 2021]

   

Subpart F—Ultra-Wideband Operation

   Source:  67 FR 34856 , May 16, 2002, unless otherwise noted.